Friday, April 10, 2020

A COVEN OF CREATURES: Collective Nouns For Animal Groups

Posted by Author R. Ann Siracusa


A NUISANCE OF NOUNS
Collective Nouns – families or terms that refer to a group of people or things -- are an important part of our language. A crowd of people. A mob of gangsters. A herd of cows. A batch of cookies. We use them all the time without thinking about it.

Every now and then in my writing career, I’ve run into situations where I’ve wanted to use a collective noun for a group of animals. Not that I was required to use a word other than flock, herd, swarm, school, or pack -- all of which suffice quite nicely -- but driven by a desire to employ something more dramatic to avoid using the same word multiple times on a page. And some of these collectives are not as common as one might think.

Plus, I’m a fan of The Big Bang Theory, and Sheldon is always reminding us that a group of cats should be called a clowder. As perfect as Sheldon may be, he’s not quite accurate by omission. There are a variety of collective nouns are attributed to both domestic and feral cats. [Big and wild cats have their own individual group names.]

Photo source: foxnews.com/science/cats
Cats [domesticated] = Clowder, Clutter, Pounce, Dout, Nuisance, Glorying, and Glare
Kittens = Kindle, Litter, Intrigue
Cats [feral] = Destruction

In the process of looking up collective animal nouns when I wanted one, I ran onto several lengthy lists. After reading through a couple of them, I wondered who the heck makes up these amusing and often ridiculous terms. Some of them make sense, sort of, but many reflect only imagination.

 AN ORIGIN OF ORIGINALS: Etymology
Many of these collective nouns for animals were introduced in 1486 with the publication of the Book of St. Albans [or Boke of Seynt Albans] which addresses matters of interest to a gentleman of the times [hawking, hunting, and heraldry]. It also including lists of collective nouns for animals, called terms of venery [hunting].
This treatise, also known by the title The Book of Hawking, Hunting, and Blasing of Arms, is the source of many collective nouns for groups of animals and people that are part of our everyday lexicon.
Others are among our fanciful favorites, well known but rarely used, and others are complete surprises.
A Gaggle of Geese
A Murder of Crows
An Unkindness Of Ravens
A Clattering Of Choughs
A Murmuration Of Starlings
A Charm Of Goldfinches
The publication is attributed to Dame Juliana Berners (or Barnes), the prioress of an abbey near St. Albans, Hertfordshire. Writing an advice book about hunting seems an unlikely pastime for a prioress, but she was probably part of the medieval aristocracy before she took her religious orders.    Photo Source:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliana_Berners
A WHITTLING OF WORDSMITHS: Who Decides?

What I don’t believe is that a Brit in the 1400s bestowed collective nouns on North American animals they’d never heard of, like An Obstinacy of Buffalo. If Berners didn’t come up with that collective, who did? Who gets to decides on the right collective noun for something?
According to medium.com/@Naturalish, “The short answer is "no one.” That may be the reason groups have more than one collective noun.
Fox = Leash, Skulk, Earth, Lead, or Troop.
The English language is constantly changing and evolving. Dictionaries add new words and new definitions of old words or drop obsolete words usually twice a year. According to the Merriam Webster, “A Drudge of Lexicographers” continuously reviews the written and spoken words in thousands of collected texts and transcriptions.
When a word reaches a prescribed level of common usage, then it is considered for addition to the dictionary. 
Some words may be used and generally known for a long time before there are enough references to merit inclusion in the dictionary, in particular those related to a specific field of endeavor .
That said, many of the collective nouns for animal groups are in the dictionary but are rarely used in writing or in speech.
How does that happen? I can’t tell you how often I’ve read about A Stubbornness of Rhinoceroses. Well, actually, I can. Never!
As Naturalish puts it, “In most cases, they’re far from an already-utilized standard in the English language. Linguists seem to operate in a bubble claiming that these random, encyclopedic words reflect real human speech, when in reality, they’re the creation of an elitist, in-group of wordsmiths conning the public into accepting ‘poetry’ as everyday vernacular.”

~ June 5, 2018, The Absurd Truth Behind Collective Animal Nouns, https://medium.com/@Naturalish/the-absurd-truth-behind-collective-animal-nouns-f4a4cde48b4f

Merriamwebster.com agrees. “In the end, there is no cut and dried rule for how to refer to a particular group of creatures. And this may be why we love the more fanciful collective nouns so much.”
~ https://www.merriam-webster.com/words-at-play/a-drudge-of-lexicographers-presents-collective-nouns

A DELUGE OF DESCRIPTIONS and AN AMPLITUDE OF ALLITERATION

Below l have listed examples of some of the more creative collective nouns for critters, but left out most of the common terms everyone knows and the ones already cited.

 Many of these describe fairly well the movements, looks, or habits of the creatures in question, and the imaginations of those who gave birth to these terms have good relationships with alliteration and rhymes. P.S. I have made absolutely NO attempt to alphabetize either the terms or the animals. Not sorry.

 A Cackle of Hyenas             
Photo Credit:Jrlphotographer/Istock        


A Raft of Otters
A Scurry of Squirrels
A Charm of Hummingbirds   
A Wake of Vultures
A Gam of Whales
An Unkindness of Ravens
A Muster of Storks
An Implausibility of Gnus


A Shrewdness Of Apes

Photo Credit:Jrlphotographer/Istock

A Harem/ Rookery of Seals A Covey of Quail (Flock, Bevy)
A Rhumba of Rattlesnakes
A Memory / Parade of Elephants
A Scold of Jays (Bands, Parties)
A Pod/ Squardon of Pelicans
A Descent of Woodpeckers
A Generation of Vipers
A Run of Salmon


A Flamboyance of Flamingos

Photo Credit: REUTERS/Stringer              

A Kaleidoscope or Flutter of Butterflies
A Shiver of Sharks
A Scourge or Swarm of Mosquitoes
A Sloth or Sleuth of Bears
A Gaze of Raccoons
A Siege of Herons
A Fever of Stingrays

A Parliament of Owls

 Photo Credit: Tariq Sulemani/Istock                  
A Skein of Geese
A Bunch of Worms
An Exaltation of Larks
A Family of Sardines
A Barrel of Monkeys
A Dazzle or Zeal of Zebras
A Congregation of Alligators
A Venue of Vultures
A Wisdom of Wombats

A Cauldron of Bats
Photo Credit: Flickr / U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Headquarters
A Hum or Swarm of Bees
A Congregation of AlligatorsA Venue of Vultures
A Wisdom of Wombat
An Army of Caterpillars
A Caravan of Camels
A Coalition of Cheetahs
A Cowardice of Dogs
A Convocation of Eagles


I have no clue which of these collective nouns are in the dictionaries with the definition intended by this list. I believe “A Pride of Lions” is there, but you can be sure that I did not look any of them up.

Here’s the deal. If you know of a species out there in the world which doesn’t have a collective noun to its name, the door is open for you … let your fantasy soar. Just be aware that you can have a bunch of just about anything.

Not long ago I came across a species in Madagascar that I had never heard of. The animal was thought to be a type of lemur, but recently has been given its distinct family … the Aye-aye.
After giving the problem a great deal of thought, here is my collective noun for these creatures:


 An Eyre of Aye-aye
I get the impression the aye-aye doesn’t like it too much.
□ 
AUTHOR R. ANN SIRACUSA
Converting Oxygen to Carbon Dioxide For Over Four Fifths of a Century


























































































at

No comments:

Post a Comment